Is exten- tion any thing

Is exten- tion any thing Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 0:45:10 +0000
That which is mutable, may be the object of perception, but not of scientific perception. 27 WE now come to more difficult questions. Is exten- tion any thing in itself, abstracted from the idea of it ? If any thing, what is it ? Is it identified with bodies, or is it confounded with space ? I have proved that extension exists outside of our selves, that it is not an illusion of the senses ; and this solves the first question, whether extension is any thing.

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Recent post:

1. - 521 Magnifying power Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 19:29:46 +0000
To increase the illumination of the slider, a concave reflector M 3f is usually placed behind the lamp, by which the light projected upon the lens A is increased. A better effect, however, may be produced by simply bending a sheet of white paper or pasteboard round the inside surface oi the lantern. 521 Magnifying power.

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2. - But it must be remembered Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 19:44:55 +0000
With the same lantern, and the slider, a picture of any desired magnitude can be produced. To increase the picture, it is only necessary to push in the lens B, so as to bring it closer to the slider, and to remove the screen F to a greater distance. But it must be remembered that every attempt to enlarge the picture will not only be attended with greater indistinctness, owing to spherical aberra- tion, and more appearance of colours at the edges of the figures, owing to chromatic aberration, but also the brightness of the picture will be greatly diminished, since it is evident that the greater the surface over which the light by which the slider is illuminated is diffused, the more faint, in the same proportion, will the picture on such surface be ; and, since the magni- tude of such surface increases in the same proportion as the square of its linear dimensions, it follows that when the picture has double the height or width, it will be four times less bright.

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3. - The glass chimney Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 20:03:02 +0000
The body of the lantern should be large, so that it may not become inconveniently heated. The best oil should be burnt in the lamp, so as to diminish the smoke and disagreeable odour. The glass chimney of the lamp should be made as high as possible, and the wick should be of large calibre.

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4. - If a small slider Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 20:22:16 +0000
522 The pictures on the sliders should be as large as possible, in order to ensure sufficient illumination on the screen. With a given magnitude of picture on the screen, and a given force of lamp, the illumination will be proportional to the magnitude of the slider. If a small slider be used to produce a picture on the screen of a given magnitude, the confusion arising from both kinds of aberration will be greater than if a larger one were used.

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5. - A screen composed of muslin Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 20:38:37 +0000
523 There are two ways of exhibiting the pictures on a screen : in one, the lantern is placed in front of the screen, with the spectators ; in that case the picture is seen by the light reflected from the screen, after having been projected upon it by the lantern. Care should, therefore, be taken that no light shall penetrate through the screen, since all such light would be lost, and the picture on the screen would be proportionally more faint. A screen composed of muslin, or any other textile fabric, would in such case be defective, inasmuch as more or less of the light would penetrate it.

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6. - In some cases the muslin Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 20:58:18 +0000
The best sort of screen is one made of strong white paper, pasted on canvas, and stretched on a frame, as canvas is for a picture. When the magic lantern is used for purposes of amusement, rather than those of instruction, it is generally found desirable to use a semi-transparent screen, the lantern being mounted on one side of the screen, and the spectators placed on the other, as shown in fig 256 In this case, the screen should be made of white muslin or fine calico, stretched upon a frame, its transparency being increased by wetting it well with water. In some cases the muslin is prepared with wax or oil, whicn may be convenient to save the trouble of wetting it, but which in other respects does not answer the purpose better.

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7. - This is accomplished by moving Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 21:15:08 +0000
524 Phantasmagoria. When the pictures are produced through a transparent screen, the exhibitor, being concealed from the spectators, may make them vary in magnitude ; first gradually increasing, and then gradually diminishing. This is accomplished by moving the lantern gradually and alternately from and to- wards the screen, varying the focus during the motion, so as to render the picture upon the screen always distinct.

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8. - Let the exhibitor then more Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 21:26:37 +0000
Let us suppose, for example, that the nozzle of the lantern ia first placed in actual contact with the screen. The picture on the screen -will then be ex- ceedingly small, and the spectators, to whom the screen is invisible, will imagine the object to be at a great distance. Let the exhibitor then more back the lantern slowly from the screen, keeping the focus constantly ad- justed, the picture on the screen will then be gradually enlarged, and the impression produced on the spectators will be, that its increased magnitude is produced by the gradual approach of the object towards them ; and so com- plete is this delusion, that the rapid increase of magnitude of the picture actually startles even persons who are most familiar with the optical causes which produce the effect.

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9. - The exhibitor seizes this moment Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 21:39:48 +0000
It sometimes appears as if the object would ap- proach, so as to come in actual collision with the spectator. When the obect seems thus to be brought near the spectator, it is made to retire gradually by moving the lantern towards the screen, the effect being sroduced by the gradual diminution of the image upon the screen, and this a continued until the nozzle of the lantern, coming again in contact with the screen, the object seems again to be lost in the distance, its magnitude being educed to a mere point. The exhibitor seizes this moment to change the jicture, displacing one slider by the introduction of another, a manoeuvre which, when adroitly performed, will escape the notice of the spectators.

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10. - Interesting and amusing effects Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 21:50:41 +0000
The lew picture is then exhibited in the same way. 525 Dissolving views. Interesting and amusing effects are produced by placing two lanterns of equal power, so as to throw pictures of precisely equal magnitude on the same part of the same screen.

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