Wisdom

As to the last item Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 20:10:28 +0000
Before dealing with the origin and effect of procedure under Order 14 it may be interesting to show the extent to which that summary process is resorted to by litigants. In 1895 the number of summonses issued for judgment under Order 14 was 13,351 )i these, final judgment was given in 7739 actions, leave to defend in 2729, and the remaining 2884 were not accounted for. As to the last item the presumption ia that the mere issue of the summons brought the defendant to payment arrangement.

Autor of the post: Undefined

If a defendant failed Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 20:28:15 +0000
AVe may therefore assume that this process was effectively used to secure summary recovery of the debt sued for in no less than 10,623 actions in the High Court. These figures are taken from the Civil Judicial Statistics for the year 1807 History of Order 14 As previously pointed out under SPECIAL In- dorsement (Q), the history of summary procedure under Order 14 is closely connected with that of the special indorsement of the writ under sec 25 of the Common Law Procedure Act, 1852 (15 16 Vict C 76), and later, under Order 3, 6, of the Rules of the Supreme Court, 1883 The special indorsement of the writ was introduced in order to separate Bimple money claims from others of a more complicated nature, and to enable plaintills suing for such claims to obtain judgment in default of appearance by an automatic process without resort to the judicial machinery of the Court. If a defendant failed to appear within the time limited the plaintiff was enabled on proof of due service and of non-appearance to take final judgment for the amount claimed.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The preamble to that Act Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 20:42:21 +0000
The Court, however, retained the power to set aside a judgment so obtained on the application of the defendant, "supported by satisfactory affidavits accounting for the non- appearance, and disclosing a defence upon the merits." In 1855 this summary procedure was carried a step further by the Summary Procedure on Bills of Exchange Act, 1855 (18 19 Vict C 07). The preamble to that Act says: "Whereas bond fide holders of dishonoured lulls of exchange and promissory notes are often unjustly delayed and put to unnecessary expense in recovering the amount thereof by reason of frivolous or fictitious, defences to actions thereon, and it is expedient that greater facilities than now exist should be given for the recovery of money due on such bills and notes," etc The procedure established by that Act was similar to that now existing under Order 14 The writ of summons had to be indorsed in a special form prescribed by the Act, and gave the defendant twelve days after service within which to obtain leave of a judge to enter appearance and defend the action, and to enter such appearance.

Autor of the post: Undefined

On the recommendation Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 20:54:05 +0000
In order to obtain this leave the defendant had to issue a summons, and either to bring the money into Court or establish a legal or equitable ground of defence. If the judge refused leave to appear and defend the plaintiff was at liberty to enter final judgment in default of appearance. On the recommendation of the Judicature Commission, the principle of the provisions of the Common Law Procedure Act, 1852, s 25, and the Summary Procedure on Bills of Exchange Act, 1855, was retained in Order 3, 6, and Order 14 of the Rules of the Supreme Court, 1875 In the case of Order 14, however, the practice prescribed was a complete reversal of the older procedure.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Generally Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 21:09:27 +0000
Instead of the onus of proof being placed on the defendant only to show that he had a good defence, the necessity- was imposed on the plaintiff to show that there was no defence to the action, and the defendant was at the same time given the opportunity of setting up a defence on the merits, or offering to bring the money into Court, or satisfying the judge that there was an issue of fact or question of law to be determined. Order 14 has received several improvements since 1875, the existing Order having been made as recently as 1893, but these improvements have been mostly confined to matters of detail, and the Order of 1875 has not been departed from in principle. Generally.

Autor of the post: Undefined

It, is therefore stringent Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 21:24:00 +0000
Procedure under Order 14 is summary in its nature. When it is applied it shuts a defendant out from defending the action, and gives immediate final judgment to the plaintiff. It, is therefore stringent as well as summary, and as a natural consequence the Court has from the first imposed upon itself extreme caution in applying it, as a safeguard against injustice to a defendant.

Autor of the post: Undefined

And this principle has been Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 21:36:25 +0000
The primary object of the Order was to prevent a plaintiff who had an undoubted right to recover a sum of money from being delayed and put to unnecessary expense by a defendant who had no defence, but who resorted to technical methods of resistance to keep the plaintiff out of his rights. But, on the other hand, " a defendant ought not to be shut out from defending unless it is very clear indeed that he has no case in the action under discussion " (per Esher, M R, Sheppards Co Wilkinson, 1889, 6 T 13). And this principle has been carried a step further.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Secondly, the plaintiff must Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 21:49:57 +0000
Where a defendant has clearly no defence to the action, but has a bond fide counterclaim against the plaintiff, he is not to be shut out from proving his counterclaim against the plaintiff (s O). Two things, therefore, are absolutely essential before a plaintiff can obtain summary judgment under Order 14 First, the claim in the action must be strictly within Order 3, 6 (see Special Indorsement). Secondly, the plaintiff must be able to show that there is no defence, and the judge or Master must be satisfied on hearing the defendant that he has no real defence.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The primary intention of Order Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 22:03:08 +0000
The absence of the defendant on the return of the summons is taken as an admission that he cannot resist the claim of the plaintiff. Time for making Application. The primary intention of Order 14 was obviously to enable the plaintiff to apply for summary judgment after appearance and before the time for defence (viz ten days from the time limited for appearance) had expired.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The effect of Order 30 Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 22:23:01 +0000
It was held, however, in MLardy Slateum, 1890, 24 Q B 504, that an application after defence delivered was allowable if the plaintiff could show that the delay was justifiable under the special circumstances of the case. Since that decision was given a new element has been introduced, which practically compels a plaintiff who desires to apply for summary judgment to do so promptly after appearance has been entered. The effect of Order 30, rr.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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