Wisdom

A copyholder, how- ever, may Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 17:37:36 +0000
It is one of the services of the freehold tenants, as well as the copyhold and customary tenants of the manor, and consists in attending the Court when held. The attendance may be commuted by money payment ; and, in the case of freehold tenants, suit may be done by attorney as well as personally. A copyholder, how- ever, may not do suit by attorney, for the Statute of Merton (20 Hen in C 10) conferred this right on freeholders only.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The tenant must attend Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 17:54:52 +0000
Joint-tenants or coparceners reckon as one tenant, and one of such joint-tenants only need do suit. As regards lands held by a married woman, the husband is the proper person to do a suit of Court, except in the case of women married after the Married Womens Property Act, 1882, or whose title to copyholds accrues thereafter, who, it would seem, may themselves do suit of Court if required (see Elton, Copyholds, 2nd ed, p 198). The tenant must attend, or make a sufficient excuse (called "making essoign ") for his absence, illness or the like, and in default of this he maybe fined for not attending; the fine is called an amercement, and is recovered by action only, and not, except under special custom, by distress.

Autor of the post: Undefined

On the other, the distress Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 18:09:09 +0000
The lord is, however, entitled to distrain on the cattle or other good the tenant as a remedy against neglect to do suit. But there is no power of sale incident to the distress, it being but a pledge for the performance of the services due. On the other, the distress is unlimited, and is called for that reason distress infinite.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The expression " sum adjudged," Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 18:27:41 +0000
See Copyhold. Adjudged. The expression " sum adjudged," as used in sec 25 of the Cruelty to Animals Act, 1849 (12 13 Vict C 92), "more properly relates to the sum which the party is to pay by way of penalty or com- pensation, than to costs " (per Crompton, , in Warwickshire Justices, 1856, 6 El Bl 841).

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Claimed Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 18:47:11 +0000
Certain. The sum payable by a bill or note is a "sum certain " within the meaning of the Bills of Exchange Act, 1882, although it is required to be paid (a) with interest; (b) by stated instalments; (c) by stated instal- ments, with a provision that upon default in payment of any instalment the whole shall become due; (d) according to an indicated rate of exchan or according to a rate of exchange to be ascertained as directed by the bill or note (ss 9, 89). Claimed.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Where an instrument Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 18:57:54 +0000
The "sum claimed" in sec 460 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1854 "amount claimed " in the corresponding section of the Merchanl Shipping Act, 1894, s 547 refers to the claim made antecedently to any proceedings (The William and John, 1863, 32 p M Ad. Periodically Payable. Where an instrument which is a security for sums of money contemplates a weekly payment for an indefinite period, the amount of the weekly payment is the "sum periodically payable " under the head "bond, covenant, or instrument" in the first Bchedule to the Stamp Act, 1891 (Clifford Inland Revenue Commissioner, 1896, 65 Q B 582).

Autor of the post: Undefined

The forms to be used Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 19:11:11 +0000
Summary Conviction is a determination of a Court of Simmaky Jurisdiction (Q), adjudging that the person therein named has committed an offence punishable summarily under a statute or under a by-law or regulation lawfully made under statutory authority. It differs from an order, which is made by such a Court on a complaint, and not in a Criminal Cause or Matter. The forms to be used are scheduled in the Summary Jurisdiction Rules, 1886 (and see Oke, Magisterial Formulist, and Paley on Summary Convictions).

Autor of the post: Undefined

The conviction is recorded Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 19:25:48 +0000
It has not since 1848 been necessary to set out the evidence on the face of the conviction, but it is desirable, if not essential, to state with particularity the essential facts constituting the offence (R MKenzie, [1892] 2 Q B 519). See Conviction; Summary Juris- diction. The conviction is recorded by being drawn in the prescribed form on paper or (if required for return to a certiorari) on parchment.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Unless reversed or set aside Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 19:42:57 +0000
It states the offence in the words of the Act creating it, the adjudication, including the penalty and the costs, if any, and the date, and must be authenticated by the signature and seal of as many of the justices present as are necessary to form a Court to deal with the offence (60 p 498), and it must be transmitted to the clerk of the peace (11 12 Vict C 43, ss 14, 18 ; 42 43 Vict C 49, s 39 (1)). The conviction, if defective in form, may be amended on appeal or certiorari, if the evidence taken justified a conviction in proper form (12 13 Vict C 45, s 7 ; see Archbold, Quarter Sessions, 5th ed, 312). Unless reversed or set aside on Appeal to Quarter Sessions, or on case stated to the High Court, or by Certiorari, it is binding and conclusive on the parties to it, and cannot be disregarded as ultra vires, except possibly where it is on the face of it obviously and clearly illegal; nor can the justice be sued for illegality until the conviction is quashed or reversed on appeal (11 12 Vict C 44, s 2) ; and justices who grant distress warrants on illegal convictions by other justices are not liable to action by reason of defects on the conviction (s 3).

Autor of the post: Undefined

Statistics Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 19:54:39 +0000
Summary convictions are proved (1) by a register kept by the justices clerk, or an extract thereof, which isprimd facie evidence of the matter before justices acting for the district for which the convicting justices acted (42 43 Vict C 49, s 22) ; (2) by a certified copy of the conviction, with evidence to identify the person convicted (34 35 Vict C 112, s 18); (3) by production of the original from the proper custody. The first method is not permitted in proving a previous conviction where it affects the sentence on a subsequent conviction (42 43 Vict, E 49, s 22 (2) ; and see Previous Conviction). Statistics.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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