Wisdom

See Seevice and Delivery Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 12:41:06 +0000
Primd facie subsoil includes all that is beneath the surface of land {Cox Glue, 1848, 5 C B 549) ; it is a wider term than "minerals," for " minerals " are only a part of the subsoil imbedded in and intermingled with the ordinary soil (Atkinson King, 1878, 2 Ir 339), so that a graut of land reserving " coal and coal mines " will only reserve the coal veins or seams, and not the other strata (Ramsay Blair, 1876, 1 App Cas 705). Substituted Service The machinery by which, where prompt personal service cannot be effected, notice, in lieu of personal service, may be given by advertisement or otherwise. See Seevice and Delivery.

Autor of the post: Undefined

He has the right Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 12:56:52 +0000
Subterranean Water. "The right to the enjoyment of a natural stream of water on the surface, ex jure natural, belongs to the proprietor of the adjoining lands as a natural incident to the soil itself. He has the right to have it come to him in its natural state, in flow, quantity, and quality, and to go from him without obstruction.

Autor of the post: Undefined

A landowner lias the right Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 13:15:33 +0000
His right in no way depends upon prescription or the presumed grant of his neighbour" (per Lord Wensleydale in Chcsemorc Richards, 1859, 7 H Cas 382). The law is the same where water flows in a known and defined channel (see Known ani DEFINED CHANNEL) underground {ibid per Lord Chelmsford p 374); but it is otherwise with respect to water which merely percolates through the strata in no known channels. A landowner lias the right to divert or appropriate such water within his own land, so as to deprive his neighbour of it ; and this is so, quite irrespective of the motive of the landowner {Bradford {Mayor of) Jicfrcs, [1895] App Cas 587; Chcsemorc RicJiards, supm).

Autor of the post: Undefined

" A Tenant at Sufferance Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 13:30:56 +0000
But although a landowner has an unlimited right to appropriate subterranean water percolating through the strata in no defined channel, yet the law will not permit him to contaminate the water he may not use, and which therefore flows on to and under adjoining land {Ballard Tomiinson, 1885, 29 Ch 115); nor, it seems, will he be permitted to abstract it if in so doing he abstracts or diverts water flowing in a denned channel {Grand Junction Canal Co Shufjar, 1871, R 6 Ch -1 See Ei vers Pollution ; Watercourse; Waterway. Sufferance, Estate at." A Tenant at Sufferance is he that at first came in by lawful demise, and after his estate is ended continueth in possession and wrongfully holdeth over" (Co Litt 576).

Autor of the post: Undefined

But this does not apply Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 13:50:17 +0000
In such a case the possession lawful in its inception is continued after it has ceased to be lawful, as, , where a tenant pur autre vie continues in possession after the death of the cestui-que vie without the consent of the party next entitled, or where any tenant continues in possession without his landlords consent after his term has expired. The fact, however, that the original entry was lawful prevents the rightful owner from treating the tenant as a trespasser until actual entry has been made by him on the land. But this does not apply to a case in which the party entitled is the Crown, for " no man can be tenant at sufferance against the king to whom no laches or neglect in not entering and ousting the tenant is imputed by law " ; but his tenant so holding over is considered an absolute intruder against the king (Co Litt loc cit ; 2 Black.

Autor of the post: Undefined

See Double Eent and Double Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 14:07:06 +0000
At common law the landlords remedy, if he be a subject, is therefore by entry or action to recover the land, and to make the tenant account for the profits of the land. Two statutes of George have, however, given the landlord greater power and increased the liability of a tenant wrongfully holding over. See Double Eent and Double Value.

Autor of the post: Undefined

See Estates ; Landlord Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 14:21:33 +0000
The consent by the reversioner necessary to prevent the tenant at sufferance from being such may be implied as well as express. And such a consent is invariably implied by the acceptance of rent from the tenant after his term has expired, and the tenancy will become a yearly tenancy. See Estates ; Landlord and Tenant.

Autor of the post: Undefined

By sec 7,subsec Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 14:35:45 +0000
Sufficient. Cause. By sec 7,subsec.

Autor of the post: Undefined

149) ; nor Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 14:47:51 +0000
3 of the Bankruptcy Act, 1883, the Court may dismiss a bankruptcy petition if it is not satisfied with the proof of the petitioners debt, or of the act of bankruptcy, or of the service f the petition, or is satisfied by the debtor that he is able to pay his debts, or that for other sufficient cause no order ought to be made." The fact that the debtor has, before presentation of the petition, entered into an advantageous arrangement with his creditors, is not a " sufficient cause " for dismissing the petition (Ex parte Dixon, 1884, 13 Q B 118; Ex parte Oram, 1885, 15 Q B 399); nor is the fact that the debtor may be entitled to money as the result of an action (In re Whitley, 1891, 8 Mor. 149) ; nor that the debtors principal asset will be destroyed if a receiving order is made, unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the Court that the asset in question is, in fact, the sole asset (In re Birkin, 1896, 3 Manson, 291); nor that the costs of the bankruptcy proceedings will swallow up all the assets (In re Jubb, [1897] 1 Q B 641); but where the Court is clearly convinced from all the circumstances of the case that there cannot be any assets, or a prospect of any coming into existence, and that if a receiving order is made the only effect will be a mere waste of money in costs, the Court has a discretion, and will be justified in exercising that discretion by refusing to make a receiving order (per Lord Esher, M R, in In re Betts, [1897] 1 Q B 50 ; In re Somers, 1897, 4 Manson, 227).

Autor of the post: Undefined

This merely means that if Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 14:59:20 +0000
Evidence. The probate of a will is, by sec 64 of 20 21 Vict C 77, in the cases there specified, made "sufficient" evidence of such will, and of its validity and contents, notwithstanding that it may not have been proved in solemn form, unless the party to whom notice has been given that such probate is to be used in order to establish a devise or other testamentary d im- position for affecting realty gives a countemotice that he disputes the validity of such devise or other testamentary disposition. This merely means that if a countemotice is not given, the probate, without more, will be sufficient evidence to go to the jury of a devise of realty, not that the other party will be precluded from showing by evidence that the will is invalid or that the testator was not competent {Barraclough Greenhough, 1867, R 2 Q B 612 ; and see Analysis).

Autor of the post: Undefined

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