Wisdom

By-laws have been made Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 0:18:17 +0000
An urban authority may, however, make by-latcs with reference to the level, width, and construction of new streets, and the provisions for the sewerage thereof, and the provision in connection with the laying out of new streets of secondary means of access where necessary for the purpose of the removal of house refuse and other matters (Public Health Act, 1875, s 157 ; Act of 1890, s 33). The question of what con- stitutes a new street is thus important in all towns. By-laws have been made in most urban districts, and cases have frequently come before the Courts upon their construction.

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But in case Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 0:31:44 +0000
The Act authorises by-laws regulating oot merely the roadway, but the buildings adjoining which form part of tin- street (Baker Portsmouth, 1878, 3 Ex 157). Thus a by-law may properly require the roadway to be made and completed before new build- ings are commenced (Woodhill Sunderland Mayor, 1887, 57 T 303), and may require the space between the houses to be of a specified minimum width (Hendon Board Pounce, 1889, 42 Ch 602; Goolc Board, [1891] 2 Q B 212). But in case of an existing road which becomes a new street by the erection of houses, buildings cannot be disapproved merely because they come in front of the line of previously existing buildings standing back from the roadway (Robinson Barton Board, 1882, 8 App Cas 798).

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Under the Towns Improvement Clauses Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 0:49:56 +0000
Local authorities have also powers of restricting the user of streets so as to secure the observance of regulations calculated to provide for public safety and convenience. Public Safety. Under the Towns Improvement Clauses Act, 10 11 Vict C 34, urban authorities have to see that streets are named and the houses numbered (ss 64, 65) ; to see that any building which is dangerous to passers-by or to the occupiers of neighbouring buildings is fenced and promptly repaired (ss 75-78); and to take proper precautions for guarding against accident during the construction or repair of streets, sewers, or drains, and similar works in them, by shoring up and protecting the adjoining houses, and stopping the traffic.

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There are similar enactments for Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 1:03:53 +0000
They must also keep excavations properly lighted and guarded during the night (s 74); and must also see that streets are properly guarded during building operations. Tins may also be provided for under sec 34 of the Public Health Act, 1890, where that has been adopted. There are similar enactments for London.

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Thus they may prescribe Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 1:16:36 +0000
Public Convenience. Under the Towns Police Clauses Act (10 11 Vict, C 89), urban authorities have large powers for dealing with obstructions and nuisances in streets. Thus they may prescribe the route to be taken by vehicles in any case when the streets are thronged (s 21); may di traffic from the neighbourhood of places of public worship during the hours of service (s 22); and may impound cattle straying unattended in any street (ss 24-27).

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1 The playing of music Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 1:27:35 +0000
A large number of acts causing obstruction, annoyance, or danger to the residents or passengers are made offences punishable summarily (ss 28, 29). Street MUSIC. 1 The playing of music in public streets, if so conducted as to cause a public nuisance, is indictable, although the musicians are entitled to use the streets for passage.

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This has been applied Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 1:46:47 +0000
But resort is never had to this remedy. 2 In London the playing of music in the streets is regulated (a) By 2 3 Vict C 47, s 54 (14), which prohibits the use of a horn or other noisy instrument to call persons together, or announce any show or entertainment, or for hawking, selling, distributing, or collecting any article, or for obtaining money by alms. This has been applied to the Salvation Army (Archibald, Met Pol Guide, 2nd ed, 42), but not to coach horns ; and officers of the Post Office are excepted, and the bands of the army, navy, and reserve forces are not interfered with.

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3 Outside London, music Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 1:58:30 +0000
(b) By Bass Act (27 28 Vict C 55) any householder, personally, or by his servant or by a constable, may require a street organ-grinder or musician or street singer to depart from the neighbourhood of his house on stating to the musician (Shields Howard, [1897] 1 Q B 646) one of the following reasons : (I) Illness in the house ; () interruption of the pursuits or occupation of the inmates ; () any other reasonable or sufficient cause. If the musician continues he is liable to summary conviction and fine, or in default to imprisonment under 2 3 Vict C 47, s 77 ( Hopkins, [1893] 1 Q B 621), and may be summarily arrested, and, if necessary, admitted to bail under 2 3 Vict C 47, s 72 In view of this enactment the by-law powers given to the County Council under the Local Government Act, 1888, have not been exercised in London. 3 Outside London, music in streets is regulated (a) under local Acts affecting particular districts ; (b) under by-laws made by borough or County Councils under sec 23 of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, and sec 16 of the Local Government Act, 1888 After much controversy, especially with reference to the Salvation Army, the prevailing judicial opinion is now that music in the streets can be forbidden by by-law, whether it does or does not cause annoyance to inhabitants or passengers (see Kruse Johnson, [1898] 2 Q B 91, where most of the previous cases are considered, and the contrary view, supported by many previous decisions, is expounded by Mathew, ).

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526; Sealey Stawell, 1875 Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 2:11:12 +0000
Strict Entail. ""Where lands are directed to be settled on and his heirs in strict entail, there seems little doubt that ought to be made tenant for life only" (Jarman, Wills, 5th ed, vol p 1200, citing Graves Hicks, 1841, 11 Sim 536, and Woolmore Burrows, 1827, 1 Sim. 526; Sealey Stawell, 1875, 9 Ir E Eq 499).

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The term "strict settlement," without Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 2:26:54 +0000
See Estates of Inheritance. Strict Settlement. The term "strict settlement," without more, is understood in the common form of settlements to imply estates for life without impeachment of waste (Davenport Davenport, 1863, 1 Hem M 779 ; but see Stanley Coulthurst, 1870, E 10 Eq 259 ; and loch Bagley, 1867, E 4 Eq 122).

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