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" The sanitary authority are also Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 21:45:30 +0000 In London it is the duty of every sanitary authority to keep the streets of their district which are repairable by the inhabitants at large, including the footways, properly swept and cleansed, and to collect and remove all street refuse so far as is reasonably practicable. If they fail to dischai this duty they are liable to a penalty of £20 (54 55 Vict C 76, s 2 Street refuse is defined by sec 141 as meaning "dust, dirt, rubbisb, mud, road scrapings, ice, snow, and filth." The sanitary authority are also required to make and enforce by-laws for the prevention of auisani arising from refuse, salt, ashes, offal, carrion, fish, filth, or other matter or thing in any street, public or private ; but such by-laws shall not make it an offence to lay sand or other material in any street, subject to prescribed regulations, in time of frost to prevent accidents, or litter or other matter to prevent the freezing of water in pipes, or to prevent noise in cases of sickness (s 16). Autor of the post: Undefined The construction of any vault Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 21:58:21 +0000 Works Interfering irith Street. Interference with existing streets is carefully regulated. The construction of any vault, arch, or cellar under the carriageway of any street, public or private, without the written ion- sent of the district authority is forbidden (18 19 Vict C 120, s 101 ; 58 39 Vict C 55, 8 26 (2)). Autor of the post: Undefined It is unlawful to erect Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 22:09:18 +0000 Outside London consent is not required for constructing them under the footway of a private street; but as public streets are, as we have seen, vested in the urban authority, such works could be prohibited. In London there seems to be no distinction between the carriageway and the footway ; and such excavations may not be made at all without the required consent. It is unlawful to erect or bring forward or to build any addition to any house or building in any street beyond the front main wall of the house or building on either side thereof in the same street without the written consent of the urban authority (51 52 Vict C 52, s 3). Autor of the post: Undefined Difficulties occur sometimes Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 22:28:10 +0000 This is similar to the regulation given by sec 75 of the Metropolis Management Act, 1862 But under it the line of buildings has to be defined by the superintending architect of the County Council. Outside London there is no such officer ; and the line beyond which buildings may not be erected is left to be ascertained as a fact when a dispute arises. Difficulties occur sometimes where the line of houses is not continuous. Autor of the post: Undefined If without parliamentary powers, such Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 22:42:14 +0000 Pipes, Sewers, etc The roadway of a street is usable for various objects besides the mere passing to and fro of the public. Thus gas and water companies authorised by Act of Parliament to supply a particular district, may break up streets for the purpose of laying their mains and supply pipes (see 10 Vict C 15, ss 6-12; 10 Vict C 17, ss 28-34 and 48-52). If without parliamentary powers, such companies cannot lawfully interfere with any highway (B Longton Gas Co, 1860, 2 El El 651 ; -G Cambridge Gas Co, 1868, E 4 Ch 71). Autor of the post: Undefined The consent of the highway Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 22:55:56 +0000 Such powers may now be obtained with comparative ease by means of provisional order under the Gas and Waterworks Facilities Act, 1870 (33 34 Vict C 70). Electric lighting companies may also obtain the same powers (45 46 Vict C 56); and so may telegraph companies (26 27 Vict C 112 ; 55 56 Vict, C 59). The consent of the highway authority to works interfering with the roadway is almost always required ; and such authority may lawfully make a bargain as to the terms on which the consent will be given {Edgware Highvjay Board Harrow Gas Co, 1874, R 10 Q B 92). Autor of the post: Undefined If they do, they may Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 23:12:38 +0000 District councils are empowered to take sewers through, across, or under any street, public or private (38 39 Vict C 55, s 16). They also may supply water or lighting to their district. If they do, they may break up streets in the same way as other bodies with parliamentary powers ; and, as they are now the road authorities and owners of public streets, are under no obligation as to obtaining the consent of anyone else for the works they execute, and may place pipes in or electric lighting wires over streets without the permission of the owners of the soil (Fareham Board Smith, 1891, 7 T 443). Autor of the post: Undefined In London, under the Metropolis Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 23:31:43 +0000 On the other hand, in case of telegraph wires carried across a street with the permission of the owners of the property to which the wires are affixed, at such altitude as not to interfere with the traffic, the district council has no power of veto, either as highway authority or as owner of the street ( Wandsworth Board United Telephone Co, 1884, 13 Q B 905). New Streets. In London, under the Metropolis Management Acts, 1855 and 1862, large powers are given to compel the owners of adjoining property to carry out various expensive works, sewering and paving in new streets ; and there have been many cases before the Courts in which the question whether a particular place was or was not a new street had to be determined. Autor of the post: Undefined In London the expression new Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 23:45:57 +0000 A street may come into existence either by houses being built along a piece of ground or a lane or footpath according to a building scheme, or gradually by houses being erected along an old highway. When houses are so erected as to make the place a street for the first time, in the ordinary meaning of the word, it becomes a new street {Robinson Barton Board, 1882, 21 Ch 632; 8 App Cas 798). In London the expression new street is defined to include all streets formed and laid out since 1862, and also all streets the maintenance and paving of the roadway whereof had not then been taken into charge and assumed by the highway authorities, and all streets partly formed or laid out (25 26 Vict C 102, s 112). Autor of the post: Undefined Outside London the liability Post Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 0:03:42 +0000 This definition, however, does not exclude highways already repairable by the public, when they become streets in the ordinary sense by the erection of houses along them (Pound Plumstead Board, 1871, 11 7 Q B 183; Hamt. Vestry Cotton, 1887, 12 App Cas 1). Outside London the liability to do such works depends not on the question of the street being new, but on whether the highway has become repairable by the public. 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