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In London, under the Act Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 19:10:36 +0000 An urban authority may purchase any premises for the purpose of widening, opening, enlarging, or otherwise improving any street, or, with the sanction of the Local Government Board, for the purpose of making any new street (Public Health Act, 1875, s 154). This would be under their general powers for purchasing land (see ss 174- 178). In London, under the Act 57 Geo in C xxix, the road authorities can acquire such premises as they want compulsorily ; in other towns this can only be done by means of a provisional order sanctioned by the Local Government Board and confirmed by Parliament. Autor of the post: Undefined But buildings are not always Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 19:22:03 +0000 The authority may also prescribe the line in which any house or building situate in any street may be rebuilt, after being pulled down, and may prevent the owner erecting any building except on such line ; but must compensate him for any loss or damages he sustains in consequence (s 155). This compensation would usually cost much less than the purchase of the premises. But buildings are not always pulled down at the time when local authorities desire to improve streets. Autor of the post: Undefined All highway authorities, who now Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 19:32:44 +0000 Urban authorities may regulate the line of buildings, remove obstructions, and supervise all adjoining erections which interfere with free locomotion along the roadways of streets in their district (10 11 Vict C 34, ss 66-74). Repair of Streets. All highway authorities, who now are the district councils, urban and rural, have large powers for managing roads, under the Highway Acts and Part iv of the Public Health Act, 1875 Urban councils have also, under the latter Act, further powers with reference to the roadways of streets, whether public or private. Autor of the post: Undefined When all these various works Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 19:52:06 +0000 They are bound from time to time to cause all public streets, which are vested in them, to be levelled, paved, metalled, flagged, channelled, altered, and repaired as occasion may require (s 149), and may light any street, public or private, if they think proper to do so (s 161). Urban authorities may also require the owners or occupiers of premises adjoining private streets to level, pave, metal, flag, channel, or make them good, and also to sewer and light them to their satisfaction (s 150). When all these various works have been done to the satisfaction of the urban authority, but not before, they may declare the street to be a highway repairable thenceforth at the public expense (s 152). Autor of the post: Undefined This was set at rest Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 20:04:57 +0000 If only some of them have been done, the liability to maintain the street, and to do the other works when called on to do them, still attaches to the owners and occupiers of the adjoining property {-G Bidder, 1881, 47 p 263). After this decision there was some doubt as to what kind of paving was required in order to satisfy the requirements of the Act. This was set at rest in 1890 by 53 54 Vict C 59, s 11, which declared that a street or part of a street which has been asphalted, or paved with wood, tar paving, or artificial stone, or other improved paving of any kind, shall be deemed to have been duly paved, provided it has been paved with such kind, as well as with such quality, of paving as the local authority shall consider suitable for the street. Autor of the post: Undefined sec 20, on the other Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 20:23:30 +0000 That Act, moreover, by sec 41, provided that in districts where Part has been adopted, whenever all or any of the above works have been executed in a street or part of a street, and the urban authority are of opinion that such street or part of a street ought to be repairable by the public, they may declare it to be so repair- able, unless the owners object. This power, enabling urban authorities to take to private streets in which all the specified works had not first been done by the property owners, was given again by the (Adoptive) Private Street Works Act, 1892 (55 56 Vict C 57, s 19), which gives the owners no right of objection to the street so becoming public. sec 20, on the other hand, gives them a right to require the urban authority to take to the street when the works have been done to their satisfaction. Autor of the post: Undefined The owners of property adjoining Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 20:42:54 +0000 sec 15 also em- powers the urban authority, if they think fit, to contribute the whole or a portion of the expenses of any private street works out of the genera] rates. In London it is immaterial whether the highway has become repairable by the inhabitants at large or not. The owners of property adjoining all places which are new streets (vide infra) are liable to the expenses of paving (18 19 Vict C 120,8 105). Autor of the post: Undefined Where, therefore, a sewer Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 21:00:05 +0000 After the original work has been doi subsequent repairs must be done at the expense of the general rates (B Hackney Board of Works, 1873, L K 8 Q B 528). Sewers when made vest in the local authority (see Sewek). Where, therefore, a sewer, or portion of a sewer, which a private owner could be required to make, has once been made to their satisfaction, they cannot require the property owners to do the work again should the sewer become defective or unsuitable to the wants of the district (Bonella Twickenham Board, 1887, 20 Q B 63 ; Hornsey Board Davis, [1893] 1 Q B 756). Autor of the post: Undefined The care and maintenance Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 21:10:09 +0000 The other works which may be required stand on a different footing; and if the street has not been adopted so as to make it repairable at the public expense, the urban authority can call on the owners (except in London) to do what is necessary to put the street in proper condition as often as occasion requires (Barry and Cadoxton Board Barry, 1895, 72 T 692). Care and Cleansing. The care and maintenance of most public roads is committed to the various district councils, in their capacity as survey oi highways (see HIGHWAY Authority). Autor of the post: Undefined The roadways, if cleansed Post Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2008 21:30:00 +0000 Besides this, every urban authority and any rural authority invested with the requisite powers may, and when required by the Local Government Board shall, themselves undertake or contract for the proper cleansing of streets, and may also undertake or contract for their being watered (Public Health Act, 1875, s 42). Any local authority may also make by-laws imposing on the occupiers the duty of cleansing footways and pavements adjoining their premises (ibid s 44). The roadways, if cleansed at all, must be cleansed at the public expense. 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