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This something else, call it Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 19:08:33 +0000 Sight or the imagin- Ey representation of a triangle, is a contingent phenomenon hich tells us nothing of the necessary relations of the sides ad angles to each other. In order to perceive these rela tions, this necessity, something else is required. This something else, call it innate ideas, force, fecundity, or activity of the mind, or any thing you please, exists, and could not have been produced by sensation, but belongs to a higher order distinct from sensible phenomena. Autor of the post: Undefined The whole material world rests Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 19:28:23 +0000 265 After such long investigations of the phenomena of sensation, we at last find an idea ; it is the idea of exten sion, the foundation of all the mathematical sciences and of their application to the laws of nature. The human mind, in all its relations with the material world, seems to have one great idea, that of extension, which, modified in infinite ways, is the origin of all the sciences which relate to matter. The whole material world rests on this idea, and all knowledge of material objects proceeds from it. Autor of the post: Undefined 266 We find the same Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 19:46:38 +0000 It is a pure idea in its necessary relations and in its necessary branches. It is a light given to the lord of creation that he may know and admire the prodigies of nature. 266 We find the same wonderful simplicity amidst so complicated a multiplicity in another order of ideas. Autor of the post: Undefined Try to explain extension Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 20:03:29 +0000 Hence we infer that the whole edifice of the sciences and all human knowledge are founded on a small number of ideas, perhaps on two alone. These, ideas jare notsensible repre sentations, they are jhe, obiectsof rjure intuitions ; they can not be decomposed, but they may be applied to an infinite variety of things ; they are not explained by words, as a union including various conceptions ; by them a mind acts on another mind, not to teach it any thing, but to make it concentrate its activity in order to note what it contains within itself, and learn, in a certain measure, what it already knows. Try to explain extension, the idea by which we perceive this order which we cannot express in words, but on which we found sensible experience and geometrical science, and you can find no expression. Autor of the post: Undefined Are they both extended ? Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 20:21:56 +0000 Will you define it to be " parts outside of parts ?" But what are parts, and what does outside mean, if you have not the idea of extension ? Take any extended thing, make your mind concentrate itself and exercise its activity in generalization. Is this triangle a quadrilateral ? No. Are they both extended ? Yes. Autor of the post: Undefined Are all triangles different Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 20:39:09 +0000 Is this surface a solid? No. Are they both ex tended? Yes. Are all triangles different from quadrila terals? Yes. Autor of the post: Undefined Have you shown what there Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 20:55:47 +0000 Have all surfaces and solids extension? Yes. How do you pass from one fact to all the facts of the same kind, from the contingent to the necessary ? Have you explained what extension is? No. Have you shown what there is common to all these different things? No. Autor of the post: Undefined 267 Let us now collect Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 21:09:29 +0000 All that you have done then is to arouse the activity of your mind, and to make it direct its attention to the general idea of extension, and the mind applies this idea to various things which are different, yet have something in common, it applies the different modifications of this idea to various things which have something in common, and finds them different. You have not taught the truths of geometry to the mind, but have awakened them in it, whether they already existed in it, or the mind had the faculty of pro ducing them. 267 Let us now collect the result of the investigations we have made. Autor of the post: Undefined I There is immediate certainty Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 21:22:11 +0000 I do not give an equal value to all the propositions which follow. I have explained my opinion of each in its proper place, but I consider it well to sum them all up here in order to assist the understanding and help the memory. I There is immediate certainty of our relations with beings distinct from us. Autor of the post: Undefined IV We have the idea Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 21:36:03 +0000 II There is certainty of the existence of an external world. III The external world in relation to us, is only an extended being which affects us, and is subject to constant laws which we may determine. IV We have the idea of extension. 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