Wisdom

182 Although extension Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 8:36:31 +0000
Hence they did not consider the sensible per accidens as proceeding from the species and reducing the sensitive faculty to act : it was intelligible rather than sensible. 181 In the corporeal universe considered in its essence, there is no necessity of supposing any thing resembling the sensible representation, but we must suppose the object to correspond to the idea ; for otherwise we should have to admit that geometrical truths may be contradicted by ex perience. 182 Although extension is an order of beings of which we, cannot form a perfect conception, because we cannot purify our ideas from all sensible form, still this order must correspond to our ideas, and even to our sensible represen tations, so far as is necessary to prove the truth of the ideas.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Without a fixed and constant Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 8:47:25 +0000
It is evident that although the phenomenal order is dis tinct from the real, it depends on it, and is connected with it by constant laws. If we suppose that there is no parallel between the reality and the phenomenon, and that the reality has not all the conditions necessary to satisfy the demands of the phenomenon, there can be no reason why the phenomena should be subject to constant laws, and why experience should not suffer continual confusion. Without a fixed and constant correspondence between the reality and the appearance, the world becomes a chaos to us, and all regular and constant experience becomes impos sible.

Autor of the post: Undefined

" In order to demon strate Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:05:45 +0000
183 Let us examine this at greater length. One of the elementary propositions of geometry says : " When two straight lines intersect each other, the opposite or vertical angles, which they form, are equal." In order to demon strate this, I must have the internal intuition of two lines intersecting each other.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The un derstanding is not Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:19:59 +0000
But the geometrical proposition is not confined to any particular intuition, but embraces all that can be imagined, without any limit to their number, or any determination as to the measure of the angles, the length of the lines, or their position in space. Here the pure idea extends to an infinity of cases, whereas the sensible intuition represents them only one at a time, and isolated if represented successively. The un derstanding is not limited to the affirmation of this relation between the ideas, but applies it to the reality, and says : Whenever the oonditions of this ideal order are realized, that which I see in my ideas is true in reality, and the re lation expressed will be more or less exact in proportion to the exactness of the realization of the conditions ; the more delicate the real lines are, that is, the more they approach the condition of right lines, the nearer will the relation of the two angles approach to perfect equality.

Autor of the post: Undefined

These relations between the orders Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:33:18 +0000
This convic tion is founded on the principle of contradiction, which would be false if the proposition were not true ; and it is confirmed by experience, so far as it touches the conditions of the ideal order. 184 What is there in reality which corresponds to this proposition? An existing or real line is an order of beings ; two lines which intersect each other are two orders of beings with a determinate relation ; the angle is the re sult of this relation, or, rather, it is the relation itself; the equality of the opposite angle is the correspondence of these relations in the ratio of equality by the continu ation of the same order in another sense. These relations between the orders and the beings, and the correspondence of these orders to each other, is what corresponds in reality to the pure geometrical idea, or to the idea separated from all sensible representation.

Autor of the post: Undefined

185 This harmony must Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:47:55 +0000
Since the relations of the idea have their corresponding objects in the relations of the reality, geometry exists not only in the ideal order, but also in the real. Since the phenomenon or sensible repre sentation is subject to the same conditions as the idea, because the order of phenomena presents certain relations of the same nature as the relations of the idea and the fact ; the idea, the phenomenon, and the reality agree, and it is explained why the intellectual order is confirmed by ex perience, and experience receives with confidence the direc tion it gives. 185 This harmony must have a cause ; we must look for a principle which is the sufficient reason of this wonder fal agreement between things so distinct.

Autor of the post: Undefined

That which now is extended Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 10:03:00 +0000
Here new prob lems arise which overwhelm the understanding, but at the same time expand and invigorate it by the grandeur of the spectacle presented to its view, and the immensity of the field opened to its investigations. 186 Is the agreement of the idea, the phenomenon, and the reality necessary, is it founded on the essence of things, or has it been freely established by the will of the Creator? If the world had no other reality than that expressed by the sensible representation, if the appearances were an exact copy of the essence of things, we should have to say that this agreement is unalterable, that things are what they appear, and that if we suppose them to exist, it is absolutely necessary that they should be just what they appear ; for nothing can be in contradiction with its consti tutive notion. That which now is extended, would be necessarily extended, and could not but be extended in the same manner in which it appears to us, and under the same conditions ; the relation of bodies to each other would be necessarily subject to the same phenomenal laws, and all which does not come under this order would be a contra diction, and beyond the limit of omnipotence.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The question to be examined Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 10:13:49 +0000
187 Bodies are presented to us in the sensible intuition with a determinate magnitude, and in a certain fixed rela tion which WQ calculate by comparison with an immovable extension, such as we imagine space. By magnitude, bodies occupy a certain space, determinate, though changeable by motion ; by the relation of magnitudes they occupy a greater or smaller place, and mutually exclude each other ; this exclusion is called impenetrability. The question to be examined here is, whether the determination of magni tudes, and their relation in respect to the occupation of place, are things absolutely necessary, so that their alter ation involves a contradiction, or not.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Therefore the relation to it Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 10:31:32 +0000
I answer that they are not. 188 Kelation to place considered as a portion of pure space, means nothing ; for I have already shown that this space is only an abstraction of our understanding, and that in itself it has no reality, it is nothing. Therefore the relation to it must be nothing also, because the relation is destroyed if one of the terms is nothing.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The understanding gets confused Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 10:45:45 +0000
Therefore, the relations of bodies to place can only be the relations of bodies to one another. 189 This is the principal thing to be noticed in this question. The understanding gets confused when it begins by supposing space an absolute nature with necessary rela tion to all bodies.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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