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Neither are these points identified Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 10:21:46 +0000 This is equally true whether we consider extension composed of unextended points, or of points that are ex tended but infinitely divisible. If we suppose the points unextended, it is evident that they are not extension, because extended and unextended are contradictory. Neither are these points identified with extension, if we suppose them extended ; for extension implies a whole, and a whole can not be identified with any of its parts. Autor of the post: Undefined There fore, extension is not Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 10:34:34 +0000 If a line be four feet long, there cannot be identity between the whole line and one of its parts a foot long. We may suppose these parts, instead of a foot, to be only an inch in length, and we may divide them ad infinitum, but we shall never find any of these parts equal to any of its subdivisions. There fore, extension is not identical with any of the particular beings which compose it. Autor of the post: Undefined This result is what we Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 10:53:34 +0000 134 The i lea of multiplicity being involved in. the idea of extension, it would seem that extension ought to be con sidered, not as a being in itself, but as the result of a union of many beings. This result is what we call continuity. Autor of the post: Undefined We also conceive a union Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:08:07 +0000 We have already seen that multiplicity is not sufficient to constitute extension. It enters into the idea of number, and yet number does not represent any thing extended. We also conceive a union of acts, faculties, activities, substances, and beings of various classes, without conceiving extension, and yet multiplicity is a part of all these conceptions. Autor of the post: Undefined But what is the meaning Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:24:52 +0000 135 Therefore continuity is necessary, in order to com plete the idea of extension. What, then, is continuity ? It is the position of parts outside of, but joined to other parts. But what is the meaning of the terms, outside of, said joined to ? Inside and outside, joined and separated, imply exten sion, they presuppose that which is to be explained ; the thing to be defined enters into the definition in the same sense in which it is to be defined. Autor of the post: Undefined To define extension Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:36:09 +0000 Exactly ; for, to explain the continuity of extension is the same as to show the meaning of the terms inside and outside, joined and sepa rated. 136 We must not forget this observation, unless we wish to accept the explanations which are found in almost all the books on the subject. To define extension by the words inside and outside, is not to add any thing, under a philo sophic aspect ; it is merely to express the same thing in different words. Autor of the post: Undefined The same may be said Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:48:14 +0000 Without doubt this language would be the simplest, if all we wanted was to establish the phe nomenon only, but philosophy will not be satisfied with it. It is a practical, not a speculative, explanation. The same may be said of the definition of extension by space or places. Autor of the post: Undefined The idea of extension remains Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 12:02:31 +0000 What is extension ? the occupation of place : but, what is a place? a portion of space terminated by certain surfaces : what is space ? tlie extension in which bodies are placed, or the capacity to receive them. But even admitting the existence of space as something abso lute, what is the capacity of bodies to fill space? Who does not see that this is to define a thing by itself, a vicious circle ? The extension of space is explained by the capacity of receiving ; the extension of bodies by the capacity Q filling. The idea of extension remains untouched ; it is not defined, it is merely expressed in different words, but which mean the same thing. Autor of the post: Undefined We run into the same Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 12:21:04 +0000 To suppose the existence of space as something absolute, does not help the question, and is, besides, an entirely gra tuitous supposition. To take the extension of space as a term by relation to which we may explain the extension of bodies, is to suppose that to be found which we are look ing for. We run into the same error if we try to explain the words inside and outside, by referring them to distinct points in space; we should define a thing by itself; for, we have the same difficulty with respect to space to determine the meaning of inside and outside, joined and separated, and contiguous and distant. Autor of the post: Undefined 137 Extension in relation Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 12:36:32 +0000 If we presuppose the exten sion of space as something absolute, and try to explain other extensions by relation to this, we only make the illu sion more complete. We have to explain extension in itself, the extension of space must be explained as well as the rest ; to presuppose it is to assume the question already solved, not to solve it. 137 Extension in relation to its dimensions seems to be independent of the thing extended in the same place. 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