Wisdom

There are strong arguments against Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:12:39 +0000
A pure nothing cannot be the object which corresponds to this idea. Is space something distinct from the extension of bodies? It is objected to the opinion which maintains this, that space must be either body or spirit, and if not body it must be spirit, which is absurd, since that which is essentially composed of parts, as space is, cannot be a spirit, which is a simple being. There are strong arguments against the opinion which attributes to space a nature distinct from bodies, but I do not attach much weight to the abo objection; for it is only necessary to deny the disjunctive proposition and the whole argument falls to the ground.

Autor of the post: Undefined

These two propositions : every Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:30:50 +0000
How can it be proved that there is no medium between body and spirit? We know the essence of neither body nor spirit, and shall we arrogate to ourselves the right to assert that there is noth ing in the universe which is not comprised under one of two extremes, the nature of which we know not. 63 It may be replied, that there is no medium between the simple and the composite, any more than between yea and no; and therefore there is no medium between body which is composite, and spirit which is simple, I concede that there is no medium between the simple and the com posite, and that whatever exists is one or the other ; but I deny that whatever is composite is body, and whatever is simple is spirit. These two propositions : every composite is a body, and : every body is composite, are not identical.

Autor of the post: Undefined

If it were so, we Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:43:05 +0000
There may, therefore, be composites that are not bodies. Composition, or the possession of parts, is a property of bodies, but does not constitute their essence, or, at least, we do not know that it does. If it were so, we should be obliged to em brace the opinion of Descartes, that extension constitutes the essence of bodies.

Autor of the post: Undefined

If we suppose space Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:54:24 +0000
How do we know that there may not be things which have parts, and yet are not bodies ? 64 Even the state of the question makes us suppose space to be a substance, that is, a being subsisting by itself without requiring another being in which to exist. The difficulty once overcome on this supposition, it is solved in its most essential and inaccessible point, and therefore in all others. If we suppose space to be distinct from bodies, and at the same time a true reality, we must consider it as a substance, as it exists in itself without any other being in which it inheres.

Autor of the post: Undefined

66 The argument of those Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:06:38 +0000
65 I said that a simple being is not necessarily a spirit To explain this, I need only observe, that to say every spirit is simple, is not the same as to say every simple being is a spirit. Simplicity is a necessary attribute of a spirit, but does not constitute its essence, The idea of simplicity expresses only the negation of parts, and the essence of spirit cannot consist in a negation. 66 The argument of those who object to this opinion which attributes to space a nature distinct from bodies, making it an extended substance, that it must also be infin- ite, is equally inconclusive.

Autor of the post: Undefined

"We may, it is true Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:18:36 +0000
For even on this hypothesis, there is no reason why a limit may not be assigned to space. "What is there beyond this limit? Nothing. "We may, it is true, conceive a vague extension, but imagination is not reality.

Autor of the post: Undefined

This is the principal argument Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:37:48 +0000
We also imagine an epoch prior to the Creation ; if, then, imagination were an argument in favor of the in finity of the world, it would also be an argument for its eternity. The arguments with which I have fought against the opinion that space is a pure nothing, are not founded on our imaginations, but on the impossibility of nothing being extended, or having any properties. This is the principal argument which I have used against those who, while they hold space to be a pure nothing, maintain the possibility of the conception or existence of the properties which they attribute to space.

Autor of the post: Undefined

68 The argument in favor Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:50:50 +0000
67 OVERWHELMED by these difficulties, and unable to reconcile the reality which space offers us with nothing, or to conceive in any thing created the immobility, infinity, and perpetuity which we imagine in space, some philoso phers have put forth the opinion that space is the immen sity of God. At first sight this seems an extravagant ab surdity, but if we wish fairly to prove the falsity of this opinion, we must do justice not only to the right intention of those who have defended it, and the sound explanations which they brought to their assistance, but also to the reasons which forced them to this extremity, and which, though certainly not weighty or solid, are far from being so contemptible as one may imagine. 68 The argument in favor of this opinion may be put in the following form.

Autor of the post: Undefined

It is not possible Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:01:25 +0000
Space is something. Before God created the world space existed. It is not possible to con ceive bodies as existing without space in which they are extended.

Autor of the post: Undefined

There is no motion without Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:16:27 +0000
Before they exist, we conceive this capacity in which they may be placed, as already existing. Therefore, space is eternal. There is no motion without space; and in the first instant of the creation bodies could move and be moved.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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