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This negative space is either Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 13:40:34 +0000 To attribute properties to nothing, is to destroy all ideas, to affirm that a thing may be and not be at the same time, and consequently to overthrow the foundation of human knowledge. 47 To say that if the contents were annihilated, a nega tive space would remain, is only to play with words with out touching the difficulty to be solved. This negative space is either something or nothing; if it is something, the opinion we are opposing is false ; if it is nothing, the difficulty remains the same. Autor of the post: Undefined We have not therefore advanced Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 13:58:53 +0000 48 But, it may be said, although nothing remains be tween the surfaces, they still retain the capacity of contain ing something. To this I reply, that this capacity is not in the surfaces themselves, but in their distance from each other ; for if it were in the surfaces, they would still pre serve it, no matter how they may be placed, which is ab surd. We have not therefore advanced a single step. Autor of the post: Undefined But I reply Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:15:18 +0000 We must explain what this capacity, or this distance, is ; and this is still untouched. 49 Perhaps it may be said that annihilating all that is contained between the surfaces, does not destroy the volume which they form, and the idea of this volume implies the idea of capacity. But I reply, that the idea of volume in volves that of distance, and there is no distance if this dis- taiice is a pure nothing. Autor of the post: Undefined I say this solution Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:32:48 +0000 50 In our efforts to surmount these difficulties, another seemingly specious solution offers, but if we examine it we shall find it as weak as the others. Distance, it might be said, is a mere negation of contact, but negation is a pure nothing ; therefore this nothing is what we seek. I say this solution is as weak as the others ; for, if distance is only the negation of contact, all distances must be equal, because negation cannot be greater or less. Autor of the post: Undefined 51 Not only Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:45:27 +0000 The negation of contact is the same whether the surfaces are a million leagues or only the millionth part of an inch distant from each other. This negation, therefore, explains nothing, and the difficulty still remains. 51 Not only is the idea of distance not explained by the idea of contact, but on the contrary, the idea of contact can only be explained by the idea of distance. Autor of the post: Undefined Contiguity is a negative Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:04:46 +0000 Contiguity is explained by immediate union of two surfaces ; we say that they touch each other because there is nothing between them, or there is no distance. The idea of contact does not involve the qualities which relate to the senses, nor the action which one body may exercise upon another which touches it, as impulse or compression. Contiguity is a negative, and purely geometrical, idea, and implies only the negation of distance. Autor of the post: Undefined There may be contact Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:19:39 +0000 Contiguity cannot be greater or less ; it is all that it can be when there is a true negation of distance. Two objects may be more or less distant, but they cannot touch more or less, with respect to the same parts. There may be contact of more points, but not more contact of the same points. Autor of the post: Undefined Within there is only space Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:34:42 +0000 52 If we attribute distance and capacity to space, the argument in favor of its reality becomes still stronger. Let us suppose an empty sphere two feet in diameter. Within there is only space ; if space is nothing there is nothing in it. Autor of the post: Undefined We may add to this Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:48:13 +0000 Is motion possible in this empty sphere? It does not seem that there can be any doubt of this. There is a mov able body, an extension greater than the extension of the body, and a distance to be passed over. We may add to this, that if motion were not possible, it would not be pos sible to make the sphere empty, or after making it empty, to fill it. Autor of the post: Undefined But if the space contained Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 16:01:28 +0000 Nei iiei emptying nor filling the sphere can be done without motion of bodies in the interior of the sphere, and motion of a body in another body is only possible in space, because bodies are impenetrable, and also because, when the sphere is filled after it is empty, the body which enters does not meet another body ; and when the sphere is made empty, the body which passes out, moves over the space which it abandons, and in which nothing remains after it has passed out. Therefore, supposing the sphere empty, there may be motion in it. But if the space contained in the sphere is a pure nothing, the motion also is nothing, and consequently does not exist. 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