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Moreover we conceive extension Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 8:54:35 +0000 From two bodies of equal extension we receive very different impressions, therefore there is in them some thing besides extension. If extension was their only qual ity, this being equal, the effect would be the same ; but experience teaches us that it is not so. Moreover we conceive extension in pure space where there is no body. Autor of the post: Undefined Therefore the simple idea Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 9:10:12 +0000 The idea of body implies the idea of mobility, while space is immovable. It implies the power of producing impressions; the extension of space has not of itself this power. Therefore the simple idea of extension does not include even in our cognitions the whole idea of a body. Autor of the post: Undefined This essence is unknown Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 9:20:45 +0000 We do not know in what the essence of body consists ; but we know that in the idea which we have of it there is some thing more than extension. 39 When it is said that a body is inconceivable without extension it is not meant that extension is the constitutive notion of the essence of body. This essence is unknown to us, and therefore we cannot know what does or does not belong to it. Autor of the post: Undefined I will explain my ideas Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 9:33:59 +0000 The true meaning of this inseparability of the two ideas of extension and body is this: As we have no knowledge a priori of bodies, but whatever we know of them, their existence included, we derive through the senses, all that we think or imagine concerning them must presuppose that which is the basis of our sensations. This basis, as we have already seen, is extension ; without it there is no sensation, and consequently without it a body ceases to exist for us, or is reduced to a being which we cannot distinguish from others. I will explain my ideas. Autor of the post: Undefined There is no doubt Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 9:48:21 +0000 If I strip bodies of extension and leave them only the nature of a being which causes the impressions which I receive ; this being is the same, so far as I am concerned, as a spirit which should produce the same impressions. I see this paper, and it causes in me the impression of a white surface. There is no doubt that God could produce in my mind the same sensation without the existence of any body. Autor of the post: Undefined I now take Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 10:00:42 +0000 Then supposing that I knew that no external extended object corresponded to my sensation, which was caused by a being acting upon me, it is evident that there would be two distinct things in my mind. First, the phenomenon of sensation, which under -all hypotheses is the same; and secondly, the idea of the being which produced it, which is only the idea of a being distinct from myself, acting upon me, which in relation to the external world, would involve two ideas ; those of distinction and causality. I now take from the paper extension, and what remains ? The same as before. Autor of the post: Undefined I do not know whether Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 10:13:01 +0000 An internal phenomenon, made known by consciousness. The idea of a being the cause of this phenomenon. I do not know whether this must always be a body ; but I know that the idea of a body, as I understand it, includes something more than this. Autor of the post: Undefined But from this it must Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 10:31:03 +0000 I know that being is not in re lation to myself distinguishable from other beings, and that if there is any thing in its nature to distinguish it from them, it is something unknown to me. 40 This is the sense in which I say that we cannot separate the idea of extension from the body. But from this it must not be inferred that the things themselves are identified ; perhaps, even, a more profound knowledge of matter would show us that instead of being identical, they are entirely distinct. Autor of the post: Undefined It is so clear Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 10:41:41 +0000 We have seen that it is so with their ideas, and this is a sign that it is so in reality. 41 We have few ideas as clear as that of extension geo metrically considered ; every attempt to explain it is useless ; we know it more perfectly by mere intuition than whole volumes could make it known to us. It is so clear an idea, that on it is founded a whole science, the most extensive and evident which we possess, that of geometry. Autor of the post: Undefined We conceive ex tension penetrable Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 10:59:16 +0000 There fore there is reason to believe that we know the true essence of extension since we know its necessary proper ties, and even base a whole science on this knowledge. Yet we do not discover in this idea, either impenetrability or any of the properties of bodies ; but rather on the contrary, we find a capacity indifferent to them all. We conceive ex tension penetrable as easily as impenetrable, empty or full, white or green, with properties by which it can be placed in relation with our organs, as easily as without them. 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